indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
prediction; prophecy; prognostication
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
leader of a delegation (body, party)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
secret; private; surreptitious
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
poem; poetry; verse; Chinese poem
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to