indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to make good one's escape; to get away; to outrun; to hold on (and win); to win narrowly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
condition; assumption; intention; intent; premise (in logic)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
letting (someone) die without helping
shooting (a ball); shot (on basket, at goal, etc.); shoot (of a tree or plant); chute; shuuto; shootball
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)