indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
useless; no future in it; doesn't make sense; having no point
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thirtieth day of the month; thirty days
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
determination; resolution
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to feel nervous; to feel afraid; to be startled; to be surprised; (arch.) to be shy; (arch.) to be bashful
feeling; sense; impression
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
suddenly; all of a sudden; abruptly
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
(an) unknown; unknown number; variable; unknown quantity; not yet known
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need