warrior; soldier; courageous person; strong person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold up over one's head; to hold aloft; to hold over something; to hold (one's hands) out (e.g. towards a fire); to hold up to shade one's eyes, face, etc.
while; even though; despite
still (continuing); as ever; further
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
profound; deep; deep (of a cave, etc.); innermost; interior
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
(please) look; see; (please) try to do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
three times; thrice; third (musical interval)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
Alan (member of an ancient Scythian people)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk