indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
longed-for; anxiously awaited
only; merely; but; no more than
student preparing for or taking examinations (usu. entrance exams); test-taker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to come; to turn out (at a meeting, event, etc.); to show up; to make your way to
uneasiness; vague apprehension; premonition
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
second day of the month; two days
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
name; given name; first name
how; in what way; how about
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
number one; first; best; most; game; round
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good