you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
arrest; apprehension; capture
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
live coals (for firelighting); cause (of disturbance, conflict, etc.); trigger
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to smoke; to smoulder; to be sooty; to be smoke-stained; to smoulder (e.g. a dispute); to smolder
Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7); reminiscent of the Shōwa era; Shōwa- nostalgic; old-fashioned
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
behind closed doors; behind-the-scenes; (under the veil of) secrecy
training; education; development; cultivation
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
closely-guarded secret; top secret
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
elite; best; pick; cream of the crop
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
utmost limits; extremity; limit
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
training; drill; practice; discipline
easily; readily; with ease; without trouble
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake