errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
adds force or indicates command
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to devote all one's energies; to give one's everything; to to put in all one's effort
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to make an appearance; to show up
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
screaming; squawking; squealing; loud complaining; noisy conversation
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamour
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
(some) more; even more; longer; further
early; soon; quickly; swiftly; rapidly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire