right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
student (esp. a university student)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to occupy; to hold; to account for; to make up; to take up
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
university town; college town
science and technology; scientific technique
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cutting edge; leading edge; forefront; tip; end
to gather; to collect; to assemble
so to speak; so to call it; as it were
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
town; city; municipal; urban
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
opening; gap; dried and opened fish
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
honorific/polite/humble prefix
study; diligence; discount; reduction