hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
what do you want?; can I help you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to receive favor (favour); to be much obliged to someone; to be indebted
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
abstaining from smoking; quitting smoking; No Smoking!; Smoking Prohibited!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
war; battle; match; game; competition
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to grumble about something (trivial)
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
tobacco; cigarette; cigaret; tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum)
cigarette end; cigarette butt; tobacco ashes
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge