Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
secrecy; confidentiality; privacy; one's circumstances (esp. fiscal)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to leave as; to view as; to maintain the status quo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
to cramp; to be cramped; to contract
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to pile up; to stack; to load (car, ship, etc.); to pack; to acquire; to accumulate
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily