indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
hand-me-down; food offering to the gods; leftovers; trip from Kyoto to the provinces
please (give me); please (do for me)
while running; while moving; in motion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
acceleration; speeding up
acting rashly; running wildly; runaway (process); reckless baserunning
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
several minutes; a few minutes
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
collision; crash; running into; conflict; quarrel; clashing
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
service (bus, train); operation; motion; revolution; movement
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
guidance; leading; induction; introduction; incitement; inducement
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
division; section; compartment; block; plot; lot
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to accept; to receive (an application); to (be able to) take (food, medicine, etc.); to bear; to be affected by; to take damage from
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
inspection; examination; checking
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
stopping (of a train, car, etc.); stop
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
inside a car (train, bus, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix