indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
heavy heartbeat; thumping; pounding
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
such a stupid ...; what a crazy ...; no way!; what nonsense!; how can that be?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
painful; heartrending; trying; oppressive; suffocating; miserable
et cetera; etc.; and the like; the likes of; something like
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to enliven (e.g. a conversation); to animate; to engage in enthusiastically; to become successful and well known
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!