indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(cute) suffix for familiar person; cute adjective form
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
public entertainment; performing arts; accomplishments; attainments
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
to comb out; to brush; to untangle; to unravel
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
senior high school; high school
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
name; given name; first name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
senior high school student
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")