at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
the other day; a few days ago
rice cultivation; rice crop
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
step (of a staircase, etc.); running board (of a bus, train); step (movement); pace; (dance) step; step (in a process)
dry field farming; dry field crop
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
denotes uncertainty; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; A and B and the like
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
soya bean (Glycine max); soybean; soy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
comparatively; relatively
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
charming; fascinating; attractive
use; utilization; utilisation; application
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
honorific/polite/humble prefix
miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans; innards (from crabs, shrimps, etc.) resembling miso; key (main) point; good part (of something); weakling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tofu; bean curd; beancurd
natto (fermented soybeans)