Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
single word; a few words; brief comment
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
impressions; thoughts; feelings; reactions
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the other day; a few days ago
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
north-east; Tōhoku (northernmost six prefectures of Honshu); Tohoku
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
counter for places, parts, passages, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
position; location; base; point; site
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
abandonment; renunciation; resignation; abdication (responsibility, right)
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work