this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
obligation chocolate; chocolate given by women to male colleagues, etc. out of obligation on Valentine's day
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what the?; what's that?; what are you doing?; what's going on?
favorite (to win); favourite; likely winner; one's heart's desire; first choice
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adviser; advisor; consultant
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
next (year, spring, etc.); coming; since (last month, etc.); for (20 years, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be needed; to be wanted
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
in that way; thus; so; so?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)