slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sorry; excuse me; thank you
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
homeroom; form room; form class
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be prolonged; to drag on
feces (esp. animal); excrement; dung
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ultimate; final; last; eventual
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
filtration; filtering; percolation
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
study; research; investigation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
explanation; interpretation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to compose; to put together
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
end of a century (esp. 19th); fin-de-siècle
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
ditch; drain; gutter; trench
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout