indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
unification; bringing together; generalization; control; supervision
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
sage; wise man; wise person; buddha; bodhisattva; enlightened priest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to raise one's hand; to surrender; to raise one's hand to someone (as a threat to strike); to become better (at something); to improve; to throw one's hat in the ring
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do