Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
downfall; ruin; collapse; destruction
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
8000; eight thousand; many
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
to turn towards; to point
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
frontline (military) base; forward base; outpost
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
change (of personnel); reshuffle (e.g. of a cabinet); shake-up; dismissal (e.g. of a minister); replacement
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
supreme ruler; generalissimo; president (of Taiwan); führer; fuehrer
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation