previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
slow; gradual; steady; calm; composed; relaxed
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together; at the same time; same; identical
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
(someone else's) daughter
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
cool; chilly; feeling nice and cold
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
three; three years of age
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow