indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
normalcy; normality; normal
O-Bon; Obon; Bon Festival; tray
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
height of summer; hottest part of summer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
match; game; bout; contest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
really; truly; indeed; good grief
having no relation with whatsoever; having nothing to do with; alien
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
judge; magistrate; (arch.) 3rd grade official (ritsuryo system); (arch.) assistant district officer; (arch.) inspector
liking something; being partial to something; -phile
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
just; exactly; precisely; perfectly; sharp