pair; couple; antithesis; counter for items that come in pairs; counter for sets (of clothes, small furniture, utensils, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
table; chart; list; memorial to an emperor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
match; game; bout; contest
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
having no relation with whatsoever; having nothing to do with; alien
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reeves, species of barking deer); Chinese muntjac