yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
summer vacation; summer holiday
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to come together; to join; to get married; to become a married couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
feeling; sense; impression
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in the same manner as before; the same as always
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to behave; to conduct oneself; to entertain; to treat someone (to a drink); to make tea for someone (tea ceremony)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to begin to write; to begin writing; to begin to draw; to begin drawing; to begin painting
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that