I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
feel (i.e. tactile sensation); touch; feeling; sensation; texture (e.g. food, cloth)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
fast walking; semi-jogging
to be transparent; to be easily seen through; to be obvious; to be apparent
sympathy; compassion; pity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question