counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
educational institution; school; academy; campus
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; the present time; just now; another; more
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
offender; criminal; culprit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
putting one's life on the line; staking one's life (on); risking one's life; life and death situation
trial; judgement; judgment
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
how; in what way; how about
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...