out-of-school learning; off-campus learning
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
than; from; out of; except; but; more
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
latte; caffè latte; radio and television
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
honorific/polite/humble prefix
salary; pay; medical care; treatment; advance preparation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
suffix for familiar person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow