Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
name; given name; first name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
decision; settlement; definition
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
great antiquity; old-fashioned; long ago
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
eyesore; unpleasant sight; obstructing a view
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
in line with this; therefore
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn