junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
salary; pay; medical care; treatment; advance preparation
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
degree; extent; (health) condition; state of health; adjustment; moderation; addition and subtraction
how; in what way; how about; questionable
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
club activities; extracurricular activities
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to redeem (from sin); to save
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cunning; wiliness; craftiness
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to follow; to shadow; to hanker after; to hover around
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
failure; mistake; blunder
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful