year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
complete change; about-face
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
fear; horror; anxiety; concern; uneasiness; reverence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
adds force or indicates command
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
severance payment; retirement money (usu. lump-sum); redundancy payment
refusal; rejection; denial; veto
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
arbitration; conciliation; mediation
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...