new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
older sister; elder sister
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
with all due respect; if I may make bold to ask
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
greeting; a fine thing to say
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
student (esp. a university student)
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)