truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
tool; implement; means; furniture
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
boorish; inelegant; unpolished; unromantic; tactless
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
inviting another to one's home, office, etc.; (lit.) the trouble of coming (going)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
failure; mistake; blunder
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem