indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
declaration of war; proclamation of war
outbreak of war; starting a war
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
news; word; tidings; omen
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
really; very; extremely; (not) anything; (not) at all; (not) a bit
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
miserable; wretched; unhappy; sad; pitiable
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
coming alongside a pier, quay, etc.; reaching land (of a boat)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
dominion; territory; possession
to invade; to raid; to infringe; to encroach; to harm; to afflict
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and