indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
conversation; conference (usu. between important people); discussion; interview
by means of; due to; because of; according to
war; fighting; fierce competition
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
military forces; hosts; troops
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
how; in what way; how about; questionable
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be anxious or concerned about; to ponder (anxiously); to fear; to investigate; to consider; to plan
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
how long; how much; to what extent