this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be surprised; to be astonished
match; game; bout; contest
time; hour; period; class
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
one tenth; one hundredth; one percent; one tenth of a sun; one quarter ryō (an old coin)
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
ordinary; average; run-of-the-mill
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; the present time; just now; another; more
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
arranging in a line; standing in a row; parallel (electronics, computing, etc.)
control (of a machine, device, etc.); control (over an opponent, one's emotions, etc.); governing; management
form; method; system; formula
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
artificial intelligence; AI
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
possible; potential; practicable; feasible