indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
by myself; in person; by oneself
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to take seriously; to take someone at their word; to believe (to be true)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
jack; knave; (electrical) jack; hijack; hijacking
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
adds force or indicates command
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
once in a lifetime; the first and last occurrence (event, experience) of one's lifetime
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract