indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
remote control; remote operation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
even more; still more; further
fierce battle; hard-fought battle; hot contest; severe fight
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
admonition; commandment; sila (precept)
ban (e.g. on smoking); prohibition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take in; to bring in; to capture (e.g. image); to import; to win over; to please
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
birth; creation; formation
obstruction; check; hindrance; prevention; impediment; interdiction
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
charm; incantation; spell; magic formula
putting into operation; invocation
to try; to attempt; to have a go (at something)
marlin (fish of the Istiophoridae family); merlin (Falco columbarius); pigeon hawk
battlefield; battleground
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
withdrawal; secession; separation; breakaway
desperate situation with no escape; being driven into a corner; being cornered; last extremity
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
please!; I'm asking you; for heaven's sake
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
university or college offering four-year programs; the big four ...; the four major ...