country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
restriction; restraint; limitation; limit
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
playing to the gallery; showing off; pretence; surface preparation (for painting, etc.); scraping a surface clean
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
that is to say; so that means
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
but I suppose; it seems; probably; I guess
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
being very busy; busyness
because of; on account of; regarding; per; apiece
persistence; single-mindedness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
left utterly helpless; have no one to turn to; unapproachable
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
too much; excessively; too
hasty; rash; rushed; hurried; impatient; impetuous
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?