cool summer; cold summer; cooler-than-normal summer
honorific/polite/humble prefix
master; teacher; stable master
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
talking about one's love interests; girls' talk; gossiping
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
no!; no no!; no, not at all
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
there's nothing that doesn't exist; there's nothing we (I, he, she, etc.) don't have; nonexistent; not in one's possession
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa); yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata); Japanese mallotus (Mallotus japonicus); printing block
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
fat; tallow; lard; grease
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
approximate age; apparent age; marriageable age (esp. of a woman); age of maturity; appropriate age (to ...); old enough (to ...)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others