I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
society; the world; the times
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
confections; sweets; candy; cake
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
civic guidance; non-curricular educational guidance; medical guidance
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)