indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
polite; courteous; civil; careful; close; thorough
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; by what means
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(powers of) concentration; ability to concentrate
study; diligence; discount; reduction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn towards; to point
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school
order; rank; position (e.g. in a race); precedence
under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
inside the Imperial Palace; Department of the Imperial Household
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
emphatic verbal prefix; humble verbal prefix
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
professional go players' championship series; professional shogi players' championship series
pre-war days; before the war
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once