indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
acquaintance; friend; (arch.) lover
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
worldly affairs; public affairs
double-lined fusilier (Pterocaesio digramma); Taiwan (nickname); Takasago (classic noh play by Zeami)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
difference; variation; difference
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
recovery; rescue; recapture
to gain traction; to develop momentum; to get a boost; to pick up steam
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
overall victory; championship
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
match; game; bout; contest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
long ago; already; a long time ago
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to barricade oneself in; to hold (a fort, etc.); to shut oneself up; to be besieged; to dig in