if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
breath; sign (of something new and fresh); breath (of spring, fresh air, etc.); vitality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
moxa; Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
don't you think?; indicates question
rule; regulation; settlement; conclusion; habit; custom
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
(one) letter; (one) character
general; popular; common; typical
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
interview (i.e. television, newspaper, etc.)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Ise (former province located in the major part of present-day Mie Prefecture and parts of Aichi and Gifu prefectures); Ise (city)
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
Suō (former province located in the southeast of present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
distinction; discrimination; distinguishing; discernment
ticket; token; label; tag; sign; card; playing card
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
for example; for instance; e.g.