understood; I see; OK; present; here
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
self-study; teaching oneself; studying by oneself (at school) while the teacher is absent
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
tsk tsk; oh-oh; huh; what's that?
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
print; printing; (printed) copy; handout; flyer
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
term-end exam; end-of-term test; finals
considerably; fairly; quite
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
eating one's lunch box before lunchtime (e.g. of a student)
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
greeting; a fine thing to say
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)