indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
twenty-third day of the month; twenty-three days
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
crushed flat; flattened; flat-chested girl; sound of a sticky rice cake sticking to something
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
stiff neck; stiff shoulders
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to become stiff (of muscles); to get absorbed in; to develop a passion for; to be elaborate; to be intricate
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
in that way; like that; that way
darn it!; darn!; oops!; oh dear!; oh no!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
human being; human; person; character (of a person)