indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
judicial decision; judgement; judgment; sentence; decree
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to announce; to tell; to sentence; to order
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
right of samurai to kill commoners for perceived affronts (Edo period)
to raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to complain; to sue (a person)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
I see; that's right; indeed
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
of course; certainly; naturally
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)