indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
court (of law); courtroom
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
regrettable; disappointing; precious; dear; too good for; deserving better
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
materials; data; document
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice