at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thief; robber; burglar; rebel; insurgent; traitor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
study; research; investigation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
atmosphere; air; magnanimity; generosity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
compression; condensation; constriction; compaction
sales; selling; marketing
enterprise; business; company; corporation
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to freeze; to be frozen over; to congeal
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to