cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what do you want?; can I help you?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
in that way; thus; so; so?
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
shoe rack (in an entrance); cupboard (for shoes and clogs)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
softly; gently; stealthily; secretly; to leave alone; to leave as it is
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do over again; to redo; to start over; to remake; to resume; to recommence
determination; resolution
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
udon; thick Japanese wheat noodles
to restrict; to limit; to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be best (for); to be the best plan
pivot; vital point; cornerstone; Japanese photinia
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
(some) more; even more; longer; further
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very