at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
outfitting (of a ship); rigging; (ship's) outfit; fittings; equipment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
arms and ammunition; weapons and ammunition
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
please (give me); please (do for me)
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving to chance; neglecting; abandoning
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
reserve; spare; preparation; preliminaries
source of electricity; electrical power; power (button on TV, etc.)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well