remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
decision of a contest; finals (in sports)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
iron wall; impregnable fortress; impregnable; invulnerable; unassailable
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds force or indicates command
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stand in the way; to bar someone's way; to block the way
fort; stronghold; fortification
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become